once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
captive; prisoner; victim (of love, etc.); slave (to one's lust, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
audience; spectator; spectators
the extraordinary; the unusual; the unexpected
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to call (for); to tempt; to lure; to entice
device; contrivance; trick; trap; (small) scale; half finished; commencement
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
function; facility; faculty; feature
mole; lentigo; beauty spot
to build up; to complete; to construct; to make up; to fabricate; to invent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wherein; therein; thereinto
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips