this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
after an interval of ... years; for the first time in ... years
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
awkward; clumsy; stiff; crude; unrefined; constrained
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
high rice field; very fertile rice field
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
what's the best thing to do?; what to do?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
birth; giving birth; creating; bringing into the world
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to manufacture; to produce; to raise (crops); to invent; to dream up; to create
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
time; hour; period; class
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
debut; doing something for the first time; starting anew; starting afresh
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
one by one; one after another; successively
withdrawal (e.g. from an organization); secession; leaving; pulling out
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
period of time in which to recharge one's batteries
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe