father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
company; corporation; workplace
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hakama; man's formal divided skirt
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
very; greatly; much; just about to; almost; very nearly
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
fiend for work; workaholic; career-minded person
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
Inaba (former province located in the east of present-day Tottori Prefecture)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
ought to have been; was ... right?; to do for (inferiors)