staff; stuff; stuffing; filling
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); very
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
instant; moment; for an instant
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to feel nervous; to feel afraid; to be startled; to be surprised; (arch.) to be shy; (arch.) to be bashful
riding together; sharing a car (taxi, etc.); doing in collaboration; backing of the same candidate by different political parties
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis