living thing; organism; creature; biology
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rule; to govern; to administer
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
electricity; (electric) light
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
magnetic field; ambience; atmosphere; focal point
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
I see; that's right; indeed
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
magnetism; magnetic force
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
just like that; quite so; I agree; (lit.) that street
last (on the list); (at the) bottom; (in) last position; tailender
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already