childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to adhere to; to stick to; to keep close to; to go along with; to get involved with; to be thick with
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
sense of distance (physical or emotional); feeling of distance
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
haze (esp. in spring); mist; dimness (of sight)
suffix for familiar person
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
though; notwithstanding; although
obedient; meek; docile; honest; frank; upfront (about one's feelings)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
to have a cramp; to be pulled too tight
day by day; by the day; (arch.) daily; (arch.) every day
to be haggard; to be gaunt; to be emaciated; to be worn out (e.g. illness, worry)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
complexion; one's colour; one's color; countenance; expression; one's face
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
wherein; therein; thereinto
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be photographed; to be projected
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
little girl; maiden; young lady; female usually between 7 and 18 years old
pure heart; naivete; innocence