surgery; department of surgery (hospital, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
stand; rack; support; holder; counter for machines, incl. vehicles; setting (e.g. in jewellery); level (e.g. price level)
university hospital; teaching hospital
essence; true nature; substance; reality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
study; research; investigation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
professor; teaching; instruction
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
medical care; medical treatment
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
Ebisu; god of fishing and commerce
elegance; dandyism; sophistication; affectation; showing off; putting on an air
myself; yourself; I; me; you
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
book; volume; this; present; main; head
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
staring-out (down) game; game in which two children looking at each other try to make the opponents laugh first; constant looking at something (e.g. the computer screen, the clock, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's