ancient Shinto music and dancing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accept; to receive; to agree
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become possible; to become able to (do)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
marginal village; depopulated village where most inhabitants are senior citizens
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
revival; reconstruction; restoration; rebuilding; recovery; renaissance
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
crops; agricultural produce