year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Oedipus complex; sexual attraction to one's mother
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
fastidiousness; fussiness about cleanliness, etc.; clean-freak
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shut one's eyes; to ignore; to pretend not to know; to die
income; receipts; revenue
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
appearance; (outward) looks; exterior appearance
passing mark; qualifying marks (score)
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
sexless; without sex; sexlessness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to satisfy (conditions, one's appetite, etc.); to meet (e.g. demands); to fulfill; to fill (e.g. a cup); to pack; to supply
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to have a relationship; to have relations
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
though; notwithstanding; although
business trip; official trip
use; utilization; utilisation; application
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
adultery; immorality; impropriety; (an) affair
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding