indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
accent (on a syllable, word); stress; intonation; inflection; (language) accent (e.g. American, British); accent (e.g. in a design)
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
river; stream; River; the ... river
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
emphasis; stress; accentuating (a feature or certain part); accenting; strong tone (of the market); firm tone
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
origin; beginning; variable measure of fabric (28.8 cm in width); for kimonos: at least 10 m in length; tip; extremity
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to knit; to plait; to braid; to compile (anthology, dictionary, etc.); to edit
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
complicated; complex; intricate; confusing; difficult; troublesome
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(some) more; even more; longer; further
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
what kind of; what sort of; what
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
for example; for instance; e.g.
the other day; lately; recently
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)