indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
senior high school; high school
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
memory; sense; experience
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
adds force or indicates command
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
special duty; being in sole charge of a duty; senior managing director; executive director
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
to rise in revolt; to raise the standard of revolt
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
just like; (virtually) no different from; (almost) the same as; as good as (e.g. dead, settled)
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
first move (in go, shogi, etc.); moving first; person with the first move; forestalling; (seizing the) initiative
to forestall; to beat to the punch; to anticipate; to play the first move (e.g. in go)
oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey