expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
why; how; for what reason
(someone else's) parents; both parents
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
honorific/polite/humble prefix
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
door; gate; opening; title page
opposite side; other side; over there; ahead; destination; there (somewhere distant, esp. abroad)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
trial; judgement; judgment
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
(period of) a year; during the era (of)
(not) even once; (not) ever
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that day; the very same day
to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
(dead) body; corpse; remains
hands and feet; limbs; person at one's beck and call; person at hand; reliable worker