honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
calculation; reckoning; count; forecast
to attempt; to test; to try out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
column; beam; girder; digit; decade; order of magnitude
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
numeral; figure; digit; numeric character
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
multiplication table; times table
to take lessons in; to be taught; to learn (from a teacher); to study (under a teacher); to get training in
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan