indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
shock (emotional); shock (physical); impact; crisis (esp. financial); event that rattles the markets; (circulatory) shock
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to tie; to bind; to fasten; to restrict (freedom); to tie down (with rules, regulations, etc.); to fetter
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
lonely (e.g. person, feeling); lonesome; desolate; deserted; sad; lacking
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
earrings (for pierced ears); ear piercing; body piercing
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine