Yodogawa Nagaharu (1909.4.10-1998.11.11)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
broadcasting; broadcast; program; announcement
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
master; teacher; stable master
garden plant; garden tree; potted plant
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
Komatsu Masao (1942.1.10-2020.12.7)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
assistant (esp. in show business or sumo); attendant; chaperon
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to digest; to break down; to break to pieces; to be able to use; to be good at; to finish; to complete
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few