Sapporo (city in Hokkaido)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
radio equipment; facility that can transmit radio waves (as defined in Japan's radio law)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
obstacle; impediment; disability; handicap; steeplechase; obstacle race
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
association; fellowship; change (of season, year, etc.)
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
horn; alarm; whistle; foghorn
running (of a car, bus, etc.); traveling; travelling; running (of a program)
sound; noise; (speech) sound; Chinese-derived reading of a kanji
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
myself; yourself; I; me; you
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
silence; keeping silent; giving no notice; giving no warning; wordless pantomime performed in the dark
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial