the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
birth; creation; formation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
time; hour; period; class
conversion (e.g. yen to dollars); change; exchange; translation (numerical)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
one tenth; one hundredth; one percent; one tenth of a sun; one quarter ryō (an old coin)
one class; one set; a pair; a suite; a series
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
every year; yearly; annually
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
woman; female; feminine gender
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
man; male; masculine gender
sorry; excuse me; thank you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
principal occupation; core business
sister (sibling); (Catholic) sister; sister (female partner in a homosexual relationship)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
for some (unspecified) reason
marriage agency; matrimonial agency; matchmaking service