region south of Tokyo on Pacific Ocean side of Japan; eastern sea; East Sea (Korean name for Sea of Japan)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
transmission of electricity; electricity supply; power supply
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
operation (of a machine, etc.); operating; driving; working (capital, etc.)
reopening; resumption; restarting
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
top and bottom; high and low; going up and down; rising and falling; going and coming back; upper and lower classes
book; volume; this; present; main; head
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
delay; lag; postponement; falling behind
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do something in readiness for; to get something (needful) done
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
high-ranking noh actor; head of a school of noh performance; high ranking courtesan (esp. in Yoshiwara) (Edo-period); jōruri narrator; manzai narrator; female role actor in kabuki; low ranking priest in a Shinto shrine
seed (e.g. of a plant); pip; material (e.g. for an article); matter (e.g. of a story); ingredient; leaven (bread); cause
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
honorific/polite/humble prefix