the same as it was long ago; unchanged; traditional
salt; common salt; hardship; toil; saltiness; cold
devising (a way); contriving; device; design; dedication to spiritual improvement (esp. through Zen meditation)
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
(short-term) leave allowed a servant
intimate friend; close friend; bosom buddy; chum
live-in domestic service; live-in apprenticeship; public duty; public service
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
learning good manners through apprenticeship (to an upper-class family)
fit; spasm; attack; seizure
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
root (of a plant); root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); root (of all evil, etc.); source; one's true nature
subordinate work; assistant; servant
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
the other day; a few days ago
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
temple festival; fair; fete day; day related to a particular deity and thought to bring divine blessing to those who celebrate it
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
buying up of goods; cornering (market)
Tosa (former province located in present-day Kochi Prefecture)
Kii (former province located in present-day Wakayama and southern Mie prefectures)
poor crop; bad harvest; crop failure; low quality (e.g. of literary works)
to exceed; to be even more (so); to exaggerate
to rub in; to smear on; to spread on; to lay the blame on
former years; formerly; a few years ago
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to beg; to pester; to plead; to coax; to hound; to importune
above anything else; above all; more than anything; best; greatest; excellent