suffix for familiar person
Kōzuke (former province located in present-day Gunma Prefecture)
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
trial; judgement; judgment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
knowing; being aware (of); (an) acquaintance
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
arrest; apprehension; capture
abuse; ill-treatment; maltreatment; mistreatment; cruelty
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
prison sentence (without a stay of execution)
penal servitude; serving time in prison; military service; forced labor; compulsory service
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
second marriage; remarriage