boy; son; baby boy; young man
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
man; male; masculine gender
how; in what way; how about
professor; teaching; instruction
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
woman; female; feminine gender
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
presence or absence; whether something is there or not; whether something happens or not
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
reality; actuality; hard fact
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
house of parliament (congress, diet, etc.); graduate school; postgraduate school; institution (often medical); institutional building; sub-temple; minor temple building
picking out; taking out; (surgical) removal; exposure
tumor; tumour; neoplasm; neoplasia
edge; angle; ridge (e.g. of a mountain)
form; tense; adjective; i-adjective (in Japanese)
cell; cell (in an organization, esp. a communist party)
abundant; plentiful; rich; ample
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon; to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with
nest; rookery; den; haunt; (spider's) web
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
increase; multiplication; propagation; proliferation