indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
suffix for familiar person
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
arm; skill; efforts; ability
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
bad; poor; inferior; delinquent; hoodlum; hooligan
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
second marriage; remarriage
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
father; dad; husband; you; he
child from previous marriage; child of a former spouse; stepchild
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?