class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
news coverage; collecting data (e.g. for an article); covering (something for media); interview
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
to wipe the slate clean; to start anew
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to solicit; to demand; to extort
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
white paper; flyleaf; blank paper; clean slate; lack of prior opinion, positions, etc.; scratch
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
don't you think?; indicates question
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all