Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
purveyor (to the Imperial Household, etc.); company (or restaurant, place, etc.) that caters to or is popular with a specific clientele
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
secret (recipe, medicine, etc.); mysteries (e.g. of an art)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
suffix for familiar person
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Zhou dynasty (China, approx. 1046-256 BCE); Chou dynasty; perimeter; counter for laps or circuits
to burst into tears; to burst out crying; to begin to cry; to be moved to tears
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa); empress tree; foxglove tree
mound; heap; hillock; burial mound; tomb; tumulus
how; in what way; how about
parents' day (day when parents observe their children in school)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
earthquake disaster; Great Kanto Earthquake (1923)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for