important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
just right (time, size, length, etc.)
to prepare oneself for the worst; to strengthen one's resolve; to accept one's fate; to prepare oneself
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
idea; notion; sense (e.g. of duty); resignation; preparedness; observation and contemplation
companion; company; tritagonist
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
any more; any further; any better; any longer
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
reason; cause; circumstances
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
the guilty are audacious; show remorse when you are in the wrong
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wife (esp. one's own wife); court lady; female court attache; (arch.) woman (esp. as a love interest)
to carry off; to run away with; to sweep away; to take entirely for oneself; to monopolize
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to run around trying to escape; to run from place to place
after (a long process); at the end of; last line (of a renga)
nobleman; dignitary; feudal lord (of the Edo period); daimyō; man brought up away from the world; arrogant man with little knowledge of the ways of the world
than; from; out of; except; but; more
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment