indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
X; x; unknown quantity; an unknown
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
taking on (a challenge); attempt; try; tackling; challenging (someone to a contest)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
please (give me); please (do for me)
but; however; provided that
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(animal) collar; necklace; choker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
first; first base; first baseman; fast
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)