eighth month of the lunar calendar
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
use; adoption; acceptance; appointment; employment; engagement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
change of occupation; career change
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
imagination; supposition; guess
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
training (esp. in-service); induction course
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
company president; manager; director
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
permanent employment; being hired as a regular employee; non-trial appointment
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
fighting with one's back to the wall; having burnt one's bridges; last stand; from strategy of general Han Xin in the Battle of Jingxing
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
occupied taxi; full-scale car (vs model)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)