How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wasteland; wilderness; deserted land; prairie; vast plain; wilds
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
study; diligence; discount; reduction
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
site (usu. website); sight; payable on sight
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
now; the present time; just now; another; more
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to interfere (with); to hinder; to be hindered (from doing); to become impeded; to have difficulty; to suffer inconvenience
family; members of a family
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
marshy rice field or paddy
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
under (influence, control, conditions, etc. of); during (war, occupation, etc.)
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
reliance; trust; faith; confidence
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others