warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
white-naped crane (Grus vipio)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
rather; better; instead; if anything
lukewarm; tepid; lenient; (arch.) slow; (arch.) stupid
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
demotion; relegation; reduction in rank; degradation; downward move
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m)
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
agency; commission; reception (of guests); conveyance (of messages)