indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
matter of time; question of time
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...