indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
contents; interior; substance; content; (sword) blade
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to change places (with); to be replaced (with, by); to be changed; to change (seats, shifts, etc.; with someone); to switch; to exchange
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
memorial day; commemoration day; anniversary
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
next term; next period; next version; next release
president (of a university); vice-chancellor; secretary-general; director; leader (esp. of a biker gang)
naming; nominating; designating; calling on; asking for; requesting
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to return to normal; to revert to the starting point; to go back to how it was
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
important task; important role; major part (in a film, play, etc.); leading role; high-scoring combination
to be fit (for a role); to be qualified (for); to be equal (to a task); to be able to fulfill one's duties (as)