indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
before I knew it; next thing you know; when I came to
twelve o'clock; noon; midnight
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to begin (emphatically); to launch; to embark on
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be solved; to be resolved; to loosen; to come untied; to be removed (of restrictions); to be lifted (e.g. a ban)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to run off; to break into a run; to start running
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to follow; to pursue; to die right after a loved one; to kill oneself after the death of a loved one; to follow an example set by earlier generations (or one's master, etc.)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
one side; one party; counterpart; one of a pair; fellow; mate
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
tightly; closely; exactly; precisely; suddenly (stopping); perfectly (suited)
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
woman; female; feminine gender
myself; yourself; I; me; you
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
official notice; Edo-period proclamation issued by the shogunate (or a daimyo, etc.) usu. to the general populace
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to find out; to discover; to locate
two persons; two people; pair; couple
permanent; everlasting; lasting; very long; many years of
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
happy; auspicious; propitious; naive
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor