little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to step forward; to take a step forward; to start on a project, etc.; to take the first step with
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to get lost; to become lost; to go astray
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to stand in a row (e.g. shops on a street); to line in a row; to line; to be equal to; to be on a par with
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to feel hungry; to get hungry
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage