indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
all; entire; whole; altogether
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
dealt hand consisting of one 20-point card and six 1-point cards; outstanding; standing out above the rest
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
occasion; time; section (of a literary work or piece of music); passage; clause; season; term
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
feeling; sense; impression
fairy tale; fairy story; nursery tale
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
reality; actuality; hard fact
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...