to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
family a woman has married into
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
banknote; bill; note; paper money
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
clearing one's throat; cough
the other day; a few days ago
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
doing whatever one pleases
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
property; fortune; assets
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be needed; to be wanted
foolish; idiotic; stupid; ridiculous; absurd
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
family; members of a family
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
courage; bravery; pluck; nerve; grit; guts
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
denouncing; calling (e.g. somebody a thief); branding (as)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now