international; diplomatic intercourse
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
koku; traditional unit of volume, approx. 180.4 litres; measure of a Japanese-style boat's loading capacity (approx. 278.26 liters)
hereditary occupational group (Yamato period)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
sorry; excuse me; thank you
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
bodyguard; bouncer; bar (e.g. on a door); bolt; stick or pole used for self-defence
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
doubt; question; uncertainty; skepticism; scepticism; suspicion
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
prison officer; corrections officer; penal officer; prison guard; jailor; warder
release; liberation; acquittal
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
delivery; dispatch; despatch; service of process
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at that time; in those days
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
life; living; I; me; student
death; mortality; to die; to pass away
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then