indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
difficult to ...; hard to ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
accounting; administration (of money)
to drive away; to order off; to chase away; to force into an unpleasant situation (bankruptcy, prostitution, suicide, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
change (personnel); transfer; reshuffle
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
any more; any further; any better; any longer
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
propulsion; drive; promotion (of a policy, project, movement, etc.); furtherance; advancement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very