reduction in working hours; reduction in business hours; time-saving
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
monster; monstrosity; giant; influential figure; monsterlike; over-demanding
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
company; corporation; workplace
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
child rearing; child raising; raising children; parenting
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
knowing; (an) acquaintance
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
pregnancy; conception; gestation
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to spring; to jump up; to fly up; to skip
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
father; dad; husband; you; he
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid