year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
getting a lump in one's throat; overflowing with feelings; chest full of; lungs full of
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
society; public; community; social studies
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to step forward; to take a step forward; to start on a project, etc.; to take the first step with
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
assignment (of a person to somewhere); attachment (of a person to another unit, organization, etc.)
ill will; spite; bad meaning; mala fides; bad faith; malice
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
spread (e.g. of a disease); rampancy; infestation; proliferation; being widespread
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
sorry; excuse me; thank you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
rikka; formal style of ikebana
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
one's post; place of work; workplace