now; the present time; just now; another; more
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
freezing weather; cold weather; agar-agar; vegetable gelatin
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to sell; to betray; to sell out (one's friend, country, etc.); to make (oneself) known; to establish (a reputation) for oneself; to pick (a fight, quarrel, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to use (a brush, chopsticks, etc.); to move
small change; pocket change; coins; small sum of money
to earn (income); to make (money); to score (points, victory); to gain (time); to work hard (at one's job); to labor
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
spread-out sail; full sail; (sailing) downwind
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
dumpling store; dumpling seller
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
iron (Fe); steel; iron (will, discipline, lady, etc.); railway; railway enthusiast
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to subsist; to keep on living
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to emboss; to print out; to print; to work out (e.g. policy); to hammer out; to strike (a drum indicating the end of a performance)
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
chief clerk (in a shop, managing affairs on the owner's behalf); head clerk; store manager
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
side job (outside of one's main employment); side gig; homeworking; simple job carried out at home; (secretly) working on something unrelated to the class (or conference, etc.) one is attending
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do