number one; first; best; most; game; round
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
constitution (physical); physical make-up; predisposition (to disease); character (of a group, organization, etc.); innate characteristics; make-up
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
in comparison to; rather than
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
discovery; detection; finding
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
police; police officer; police station
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
for example; for instance; e.g.
back street; back alley; off-street
door; gate; opening; title page
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days