honorific; term of respect; polite expression; honorific language
(inflected) end of a word; end of a sentence
national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
term; terminology; wording; choice of words; phraseology
tone (of voice); parlance; style; intonation; accent
rakugo; traditional Japanese comic storytelling; comic story (told by a professional storyteller)
outrageous; preposterous; scandalous; inexcusable; absurd; execrable
boasting; big talk; bombast; Australian English
vocabulary; lexicon; lexis; terminology
whispering; whisper; secret talk; murmur
study of foreign languages; linguistics
verbalizing; putting into words
secret language; jargon; cant; argot; slang
origin of a word; derivation of a word; etymology
to raise one's voice; to lift one's voice; to speak emphatically
the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books)
ancient Japanese (as spoken in Japan until the Middle Ages)
common language; lingua franca; standard language (language variety understood throughout a country)
standard language (used in government, education, etc.); standard Japanese
archaic word; obsolete word; old saying; old adage; old language; ancient language
sense of language; feeling of a word; impression a word makes; nuance
big talk; boasting; bragging
polite language (e.g. masu, desu)
(the extent of) one's vocabulary
Japanese-language dictionary; dictionary of a national language
sound (of a sentence); euphony
language of one's country; mother tongue; native language
rakugo story teller; comic story teller
dead language; extinct language; obsolete word; word that has become passé
faulty statement; misleading statement; misunderstanding caused by a misleading statement
monologue; soliloquy; German (language)
coined word; coinage; neologism
vocabulary notebook; ring of vocabulary flash cards
colloquialism; colloquial language; slang
kanji compound; idiom; idiomatic phrase
rhyming game; play on words; pun
indecent language; dirty talk
modern language; contemporary language; living language; modern Japanese; Japanese as spoken since the Meiji period or alternatively, since the end of World War II
machine language; machine code
technical term; terminology; nomenclature
spoken language; colloquial speech; (modern) spoken Japanese; written style based on (modern) spoken Japanese
buzzword; vogue word; popular phrase
four-character compound word (esp. idiomatic)
false rumour (rumor); groundless rumour; canard
English-speaking world; English-speaking countries; Anglosphere
language learning ability; foreign language skills; linguistic ability
(linguistic) competence; language capability
Japanese word of Chinese origin; Sino-Japanese word; (ancient) Chinese language
irony; rhetorical question
to be beyond words; to defy description
translational equivalent; equivalent word in translation
diction; grammar; syntax; usage; wording
vulgar expression; vulgarism
programming language; programing language
new word; neologism; word of recent origin; recent word; modern term
original word; original language
modern translation; translation into modern language (of a classical text, e.g. The Tale of Genji)
every single word and phrase; each and every word
mother tongue; native language; protolanguage; parent language
command of English; proficiency in English; knowledge of English
loanword; foreign-origin word
Beijing dialect (of Mandarin); Pekingese
emphasis (e.g. placed on a word); stress; tone (of voice)
four-character compound word (usu. idiomatic)
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
Japanese (language) version, edition
industry terminology; professional jargon; buzzword
language area of the cortex; speech centre (center)
language center (brain); language centre
English name (for a country, etc.); English-derived nickname (used by someone with a non-Western personal name); Western name
written language; literary language; classical (or formal) written style based on Heian-period Japanese
explanation of a word (phrase, term, etc.); interpretation of a word
everyday language; common parlance; vernacular
speech impediment; speech disorder
indigenous language; local language; vernacular; native tongue
Zen terminology; Zen words
words you can't say on TV or radio; taboo words banned from broadcasts
phenomime; mimetic word; word that mimics an action, condition, or manner that does not make a sound (e.g. "damp", "calmly")
headword (in a dictionary); entry word
speech; utterance; starting to speak; word used to start a sentence
Japanese language; native Japanese words (as opposed to Chinese-derived words and other foreign loanwords)
Japanese word constructed of elements from one or more English terms; pseudo-English word or phrase coined in Japan; wasei eigo
Swahili (language); Kiswahili
Imperial Rescript on Education (1890)
idiom derived from historical events or classical literature of China
sociolect spoken in the Tokyo area by gyaru
colloquial style; written style based on spoken language
rakugo research society; rakugo research club
quasi-synonym (word that has a similar meaning to another, but is not interchangeable)
sound of a word; sounds of speech; phoneme
baby talk (e.g. "choo-choo" for train); words and speech patterns used by infants
katakana word; word written in katakana
discriminatory term; discriminatory language
teaching of English; English teaching
Taiwanese (language); Taiwanese Hokkien
quasi-synonym (word that has a similar meaning to another, but is not interchangeable)
forgetting the words; inability to pronounce a word correctly
talking in delirium; incoherent muttering
dictionary of terminology; glossary
English (language); British English
one's native language; one's mother tongue
Japanese-language dictionary; dictionary of a national language
conclusion; concluding remarks
set phrase; idiomatic expression
kanji compound formed of opposing elements; antonym; conversation (face-to-face)
word of recent origin; neologism; recent word; modern term
classical or dead languages
Indonesian (language); Bahasa Indonesia
lover's whispers; sweet nothings; whispered intimacies; babbling (of a baby); babble
Japanese philology; Japanese linguistics
words mainly used in songs or poetry
one's native language; Japanese
degrading language (language used to lower the position of the listener)
Internet jargon; online slang
Nepali (language); Nepalese
critical remark; comment; grade (at school; e.g. A, B, C)
German-speaking countries; German language sphere
literary style; classical style
theatrical performance given in English
linguist; language expert
talking in whispers; confidential words
baseless rumor; baseless rumour; gossip; false report
Klingon (fictitious language)
another language; different languages
word used mainly in writing; literary language
Persian (language); Farsi
colloquial writing; text written in a spoken form of the language
onomatope (i.e. word formed by onomatopoeia)
you're not making any sense; can I have that in Japanese?
French-speaking world; francophone world; francophonie
humble language (e.g. itadaku)
a great many words; huge number of words
business terminology; business jargon
technical term; technical terminology
linguistic activity; language (as defined by Saussure; langue and parole)
Japanese-language education (for non-native speakers)
inflection of words (e.g. declension of nouns and conjugation of verbs)
Japanese language (as a school subject in Japan)
thesaurus; dictionary of synonyms
language of the natives; local language; native tongue; dialect; patois
Shanghainese; Shanghai dialect (of Wu Chinese)
compound word; compound term
language study; language learning
inflection; conjugation; declension
linguistic aspects of life; linguistic behaviour
corpus; linguistic data; text corpus
international language; world language; global lingua franca; constructed international auxiliary language (e.g. Esperanto)
Japanese Language Council
comprehension (of a word)
international language; world language; global lingua franca; constructed international auxiliary language (e.g. Esperanto)
(various) languages; language group; language family
bilingual; in two languages
both languages; both words
flavor of literary style; flavour of literary style
etymological theory; etymology
English version; English translation
Western language; Japanese word of Western origin
syllable repetition (indicating plurals)
elegant words; refined diction; poetic expression; classical poetic language (esp. of the Heian period)
artificial language (e.g. Esperanto); constructed language; conlang; language for defining structures, logic, etc. (e.g. XML, HTML, etc.)
modern Japanese (as spoken in Japan after the Middle Ages); Meiji and Taishō period modern Japanese
language family; family of languages
current (present-day) English
English studies; English philology; English linguistics
Khmer (language); Cambodian
Quechua (language); Quechuan; Quichua; Quecha
term used in translation; translation equivalent; word borrowed and translated from another language
written language; literary language
halting English; broken English
university of foreign studies; university specializing in foreign languages
the opening greeting on letters
Romanian (language); Rumanian; Roumanian
Bulgarian (language); Bulgar
group of languages (i.e. the Romance languages, considered as a subset of the Italic languages); group of words
example of a word or phrase
common saying; slang; argot
practical language; language used for day-to-day activity (in contrast to official languages); facility language
with a gentle face and a nice word
language of the enemy (esp. English in Japan during WWII)
Sinhalese (language); Sinhala
wasting one's breath (trying to explain something); (lit.) (reading) the Analects of Confucius to a dog
different word; another word
computer terminology; computer term
quiet conversation; gossiping; idle talk
Tensei Jingo; daily column in the Asahi Shimbun
command language; control language
Chinese room (artificial intelligence thought experiment)
related term; associated words
compound word; phrase; collocation; copula
hybrid language; pidgin; hybrid word; portmanteau word
Filipino (standardized Tagalog, the national language of the Philippines)
Syriac (language); Syriac Aramaic
verbiage; wordiness; tautology; blabber; chatter; unnecessary talk
protolanguage; parent language
Tokyo dialect (esp. historical)
everyday language; The Tale of the Heike
verbal behaviour; language behaviour
linguistic psychology; psycholinguistics (esp. from a psychological standpoint)
redundant keigo (i.e. improper use of the -rareru honorific form together with an honorific verb such as ossharu)
knowing a theory without being able to apply it
text written in literary style
Slovakian (language); Slovak
Norse; Nordic languages (Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish)
polite Japanese as used by young part-time employees in restaurants, etc.
following a text word by word (e.g. when translating)
middle of a word; within a word
language spoken by the Emishi; languages spoken by the nanban during the Edo Period (e.g. Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch); foreign language
global language; world language; languages of the world; world languages
natural language processing; NLP
multilingualization; multilingualisation; localization; localisation
language construct; entity
language used by students; students' slang
sinophone world; Chinese-speaking world
conjugative suffix (i.e. "-iru" and "-eru" for ichidan verbs, "-i" for i-adjectives, etc.)
Ancient Egyptian (language)
Buddhist terminology; word related to Buddhism
Uighur (language); Uigur; Uygur
Iranian (any member language of the Iranian language branch, esp. Farsi)
Marathi (language); Mahratti
Croat (language); Croatian
Chinese language (esp. as a college class)
Italian language (esp. as a school subject)
English proficiency test (esp. the STEP test)
word-for-word translation; literal translation
pejorative term; derogatory word; invective
words; speech; expression
classical Greek (language); ancient Greek
Spanish-speaking world; Spanish-speaking countries
do not speak untruthfully (precept)
private school for the study of English
secret language; code word; argot
scripting language; script language
monolingual; homogeneous (language)
Edo-period Kansai dialect
Japanese Language Proficiency Test; JLPT
unknown language; unknown word
modifier of a non-inflectable word
predicate logic; predicate calculus
Altaic (family of languages)
modifier of an inflectable word
adult language; office jargon
Hangul language (improper neologism for the Korean language)
Cebuano (language); Cebuan; Bisaya
Filipino (standardized Tagalog, the national language of the Philippines)
Annamese (language); Vietnamese
foul language; abusive language
embellishing one's words (one of the ten evil deeds); embellished language; flowery language
language used in red-light districts during the Edo period
rare word; unusual word; strange word
word root (the smallest portion of a larger word that holds meaning)
branch of languages (i.e. Italic languages as a subset of Indo-European languages)
first word (of an infant)
intermediate language; interlanguage
heroic words; big talk; boasting; bragging; grandiloquence; rodomontade
computational linguistics
language island; speech island
neurolinguistic programming; NLP
saying whatever one feels; speaking at random; making careless remarks; rambling talk
basic multi-lingual plane; BMP
Page Description Language; PDL
Japanese language specialist; linguist specializing in Japanese
independent word; free-standing Japanese language elements (not auxiliaries or particles)
ancient language; ancient word; Old Japanese; Japanese as spoken from the end of the 6th century to the end of the Nara period
Late Middle Japanese; medieval Japanese; mediaeval Japanese
near-extinct language; seriously endangered language
spoken language (as opposed to literary)
colloquial grammar; grammar of modern spoken and written Japanese
dependent word; auxiliaries and particles in Japanese
absolute respectful speech; absolute honorifics
borrowed word; loanword; loan word
pidgin language; Pijin (language)
Ethiopic (language, languages)
Rhaeto-Romance (language)
Belarusian (language); Belorussian; Byelorussian; Belarussian
French language (esp. as a college class)
Kannada (language); Kanarese
Kongo (language); Kikongo; Congolese
Ilokano (language); Ilocano
taboo word; forbidden word
Brazilian Portuguese; form of Portuguese spoken in Brazil
four-letter word (vulgar English term, e.g. fuck)
Germanic (branch of languages)
whispering; murmuring; talking in a low voice
Japanese word constructed of elements from foreign languages
street gossips and idle rumors; hearsay
etymological dictionary; glossary; thesaurus; history of words
sweet whispers of love; sweet nothings; lovers' whispers
grudge; complaint; reproach
non-English-speaking world; non-Anglosphere
race game (board game where the object is to reach the goal first); trad. Japanese board games played with dice, esp. ban-sugoroku
Japanese spoken (or written) with an excessive amount of English loanwords
Min Chinese (language); Min
swear word; dirty word; coprolalia
dialect; language of the common people; colloquial language; slang
Proto-Indo-European (language)
paralanguage (nonlexical component of communication)
HyperText Markup Language; HTML
intermediate language level
artificial intelligence language; AI language
old people's talk; sociolect of the elderly
English-speaking person; foreigner
target language; object language
Bantu language (of the Bantu language family)
tone language; tonal language
application development language
linguistic map; linguistic atlas
tone language; tonal language
Data Manipulation Language; DML
African American Vernacular English; AAVE; Black English; ebonics
written language; literary language
command language; control language
problem-oriented language
Interface Definition Language
Data Definition Language; DDL
newly introduced word (e.g. in a textbook); new word (to learn); new vocabulary
theory of linguistic relativity
computer-dependent language
Job Control Language; JCL
ordinary language school (of analytic philosophy)
speech-impaired person; person with a speech impediment; mute
language being translated to; target language
Data Description Language; DDL
fourth generation language; 4GL
logic programming language
hand signals; flag signals
Computer Mediated Communication; CMC
multilingual; in many languages
Japanese text book; Japanese text books
computational linguistics
computational linguistics
language being translated from; source language
structured query language; SQL
application-oriented language
speech-language-hearing therapy
speech used by the speaker to convey the social stature between the speaker and listener; language conveying that the speaker is of greater social status than the listener
SQL; Structured Query Language
Hypermedia; Time-based Structuring Language; HyTime
superstratum; superstrate
vernacularism; colloquialism
constituents of compound word
computer-dependent language
enhanced (Japanese) keyboard
CDL; Computer Design Language
object complement; objective complement
twin talk; twin speech; cryptophasia; idioglossia
assistant language teacher; ALT; foreign national serving as an assistant teacher of English in a Japanese classroom
private-sphere language; language used in every day life; dialect
pseudo-Chinese; Japanese written without kana for intelligibility in Chinese
Manchukuo dialect; Greater East Asian dialect
cognate object verb phrase
objective complement; noun or adjective following and modifying the direct object
incorporating language; polysynthetic language
national language; state language
everyday speech; everyday language
male language; masculine language
mixed language; hybrid language; pidgin; word formed via contamination
transformational generative syntax
local language; local dialect
early modern Japanese; Japanese as spoken during the Edo period
noun equivalent (noun, pronoun, gerund, etc.); substantive
principle of lexical control; PLC
word form primarily used in spoken language
official languages of the UN (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish)
highest honorifics; honorific language mainly reserved for speaking of or to a member of the Imperial family
graded reader; limited-vocabulary reader
creating a noun by affixing "ku" to the end of an inflectable word (e.g. "omowaku", "osoraku")
subject-auxiliary inversion
relative respectful speech; relative honorifics
tempo marking; tempo indication
optic aphasia; visual aphasia
words you can't say on TV or radio; taboo words banned from broadcasts
predicate verb; predicator
EIKEN Test in Practical English Proficiency; STEP test
grammar of the classical literature; classical grammar
lexical-functional grammar; LFG
elegant speech (esp. the use of the prefixes "o-" and "go-"); refined language; polite language
kana orthography (esp. historical) of native Japanese words
English Language Proficiency Test; TOEFL
psychomime; ideophone depicting mental state or sensation
Indo-Chinese (family of languages)
Malayo-Polynesian (family of languages)
Afro-Asiatic (family of languages)
Hamito-Semitic (family of languages)
Indo-Germanic (family of languages)
Uralic (family of languages)
Sino-Tibetan (family of languages)
Dravidian (family of languages)
Niger-Kordofan (family of languages)
Niger-Congo (family of languages)
Hamitic (hypothetical family of languages)
homonym that has a native Japanese reading
words used to describe tempo, dynamics, etc. in music; musical terminology
stylistic marking (in music, e.g. "dolce", "tranquillo", etc.)
international auxiliary language
word form used in literary language
technical glossary; terminology
Imperial Rescript on Education (1890)
constituent negation; word negation
total number of words used (in a text)
English department (e.g. in a university)
preface; editors note; postscript
Austro-Asiatic (family of languages)
courteous language (i.e. humble language in which an action or object is not directed toward the listener or a third party)
living language; conjugated word
machine word; computer word
machine word; computer word
Chinese (language); Qiang (language)
speech mixing words from two languages
Luwian; Luvian (language)
creole (pidgin that has become a mother tongue)
Aboriginal languages (of Australia)
local language; local dialect
Tungusic language (esp. Evenki)
Punjabi (language); Panjabi
Slovenian (language); Slovene
Shughni (language spoken in Pamir mountains in Afghanistan and Tajikistan)
Ladin (Rhaeto-Romanic dialect)
secret language used in the postwar Showa period where certain words are read backwards
Ottoman Turkish (language); Osmanli; Ottoman
Khmer (language); Cambodian
Tswana (language); Setswana
Telugu (language); Telegu
Gujarati (language); Gujerati
Pashto (language); Pashtu
Serbo-Croat (language); Serbo-Croatian
Rwandan (language); Kinyarwanda
German language (esp. as a college class)
Spanish language (esp. as a college class)
Spanish language (esp. as a college class)
Kapampangan (language); Pampangan (language)
Dzongkha (language); Bhutanese
Cebuano (language); Cebuan; Bisaya
Tigre (language); Tigrayit
Ido (constructed language)
European Portuguese; form of Portuguese spoken in Portugal
mixed language spoken by Japanese Brazilians
Cia-Cia language; Butonese
Maldivian (language); Dhivehi
babigo; language game of repeating each syllable with an initial "b"
predicate noun; predicate nominative
sister language; related language; cognate
Austronesian (family of languages)
auxiliary inflecting word (in Japanese)
classification of Japanese words by their origin as Japanese, Chinese or Western
English proficiency examination; English proficiency test
Indic languages; Indo-Aryan languages
Indic languages; Indo-Aryan languages
Anatolian (branch of languages)
Albanian (branch of languages)
Armenian (branch of languages)
Italic (branch of languages)
Iranian (branch of languages)
Indonesian (branch of languages)
Celtic (branch of languages)
Slavic (branch of languages)
Tai languages; Zhuang-Tai languages
Turkic (branch of languages)
Baltic (branch of languages)
Bantu (branch of languages)
Finno-Ugric (branch of languages)
Mongolic (branch of languages)
illustrative word; example word
hybrid term combining elements drawn from different languages
protolanguage; parent language; root word; word in the parent language
Kyōwa-go; Japanese-based pidgin language spoken in Manchukuo
appropriate word; apt word or expression; mot juste
Southern Min; Minnan; southern branch of Min Chinese
etymology of a word; history of a word
inflected language; fusional language
honorific expressions learned from company training manuals
baby talk (used in talking to young children)
Aboriginal languages (of Australia)
Hokkien (language); Fukien; Fujian
Sino-Vietnamese word; Vietnamese word of Chinese origin
Buddhist term; teaching of the Buddha; saying of the Buddha; words of the Buddha
neologism (esp. medical); newly-named disorder
Japanese word constructed from Sino-Japanese elements; wasei kango
lingua franca; vehicular language; bridge language; intermediary language
non-standard pronunciation
colloquialism; slang; proverb
Yue Chinese (language); Cantonese (language)
Indo-European language(s)
Proto-Indo-European (language)
humble and honorific expressions; polite speech; honorific; term of respect; polite expression
katakana dictionary; loanword dictionary
Proto-Indo-European (language)
coprolalia; uncontrollable use of obscene language
pejorative term; derogatory word; invective
humble language in which the listener (or a third party) is the indirect object of an action (or the recipient of an object, etc.)
humble language in which an action or object is not directed toward the listener (or a third party); humble language used as a courtesy
mysterious words; confusing words