commoner; plebeian; commoner (in Japan between 1869 and 1947; the lowest of the three classes)
people (of a country); nation; citizen; Democratic Party for the People
citizen (of a country); citizenry; citizen (of a city); resident; bourgeoisie; middle class
inhabitant; resident; citizen; population
common people; ordinary people; masses
citizen; resident; person; user (of a website, esp. as a collective, e.g. Twittersphere)
people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos
private; non-governmental; non-official; folk; popular
the people; citizens; the populace
private citizen; civilian
ordinary citizen; the general public
immigration; emigration; immigrant; emigrant
refugee; displaced person; person inconvenienced by (lack of something, etc.); person unable to satisfactorily (marry, shop, etc.); person who is stuck (in a place or situation)
evacuees; displaced persons; refugees
colony; (Japanese) settlement (in Brazil)
islander; inhabitant of an island
subject; national; citizen
colonization; colonisation
(the) ignorant masses; untaught populace; unlearned people
guest house; private home providing lodging for travelers; bed and breakfast; pension
popular; folksy; plebeian; ordinary; unpretentious
folklore studies; folkloristics
democracy; popular sovereignty; Democratic Party of Japan (1998-2016)
different race; different ethnic group; different peoples
national (e.g. hero, pastime, consensus); relevant to all citizens; popular on a national level
national costume; folk costume; native dress; traditional dress
townsman; townswoman; resident of a town; townspeople; townsfolk
petty bourgeois; lower middle class
locals; local inhabitants
indigenous people; native people; aborigines
citizenship; civic rights; civil rights; widespread acceptance; social recognition; common use
Constitutional Democratic Party (1927-1940)
public hall; community center; community centre
the whole nation; everyone in the country
ordinary people; common folk; general masses; man in the street; populace at large
folk customs; folkways; ethnic customs
Japanese citizen; (the) Japanese
resident of Tokyo; citizen of Tokyo; Tokyoite
native people; aboriginal; indigenous people
democratization; democratisation
folk tale; folktale; folk story; folklore
local residents; neighbours; neighbors
all people; the whole nation
the lower classes; the masses; the common people; underclass; riffraff
national traits; national characteristic; character of the inhabitants of a nation
public welfare; the people's livelihood
popular will; will of the people
minority ethnic group; ethnic minority; minority race
civil affairs; civil case
citizens of one's own country; fellow countrymen; compatriots
private enterprise; private business; private company; private firm; private-sector business; private-sector corporation
private military company; mercenary group
Democratic Party; Democratic Party of Japan (1998-2016); DPJ; Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan
equestrian tribe; equestrian people
samurai and common people
citizen; civics (school subject)
Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922); Kuomintang; Chinese Nationalist Party
daihinmin; daifugō; card game similar to President
elitism; idea of being part of a chosen people
civil administration; civil government; politics focused on the promotion of public welfare
city meeting hall; civic hall; community center
unpatriotic person; traitor (to one's country)
lowly people (esp. as a caste); humble people
all citizens; all the city's inhabitants; the whole city
national mood; national sentiment; national feeling
local referendum; poll of residents; plebiscite
abandoned people (people left to fend for themselves after a war or natural disaster)
immigrant; emigrant; migrant
resident of a prefecture; citizen of a prefecture
good citizens; law-abiding people
colonization; colonisation
indigenous people; aborigines; indigenes
Liberal Democratic Party; LDP
sense of being the chosen people
People's Commissar (in the early Soviet Union)
racial or national characteristics
People's Liberation Army; PLA
democratic nation; democratic country
Republic of China; ROC; Taiwan; Republic of China (country controlling mainland China from 1912 to 1949)
democracy; democratic system of government
nomadic tribe; nomadic people; nomadic race
government and people; government and private sector; public and private sector
life of the people; people's lives; citizens' livelihoods
municipal hospital; public hospital
elementary school (in Japan; 1941-1947)
whole nation; entire nation; all the people
Republic of China (Taiwan); ROC
democracy; democratic nation
national assembly (esp. France)
folk beliefs; folk religion
Democratic Liberal Party (1948-1950)
Germanic race; Germanic peoples
privatization; privatisation
the whole nation; all the people in the land
illegal immigration; illegal immigrant
People's Republic of China
people's revolution; popular revolution
Movement for Civic Rights and Freedom (Meiji period); Freedom and People's Rights Movement
multiracial nation; multiethnic country
sensibilities of the common people; ordinary people's way of thinking; popular sentiment
democratic movement; movement towards democracy
national uniform (such as mandated for Japanese males in 1940)
Republic of Korea; South Korea
the four social classes (of Edo-period Japan; samurai, farmers, artisans, merchants)
cultural standard (of a people); moral standard; cultural level; standard of living
resident of Hokkaidō; citizen of Hokkaidō
People's Honour Award (honor); National Honour Award
citizens' campaign; citizens' group
sovereignty of the people
middle class; bourgeoisie
other nations; other peoples
semi-governmental; semi-official
nongovernment organization (organisation); NGO
private company; private corporation
national hero; hero of the nation
civil rights movement (esp. American)
sovereignty of the people
civil action; civil suit; civil proceedings
national pension; government pension system
tribune (of ancient Rome)
voters; electorate; constituents
condition (sentiment) of the people
educated loafer (living off family wealth); leisured intellectual; idle rich
the military and civilians
Nationalist Government (of the Republic of China; 1924-1948)
food universally loved by all citizens; comfort food
racial spirit; national spirit
civilian control (of the military)
foreign-settlement corporation
indigenous people; native people; natives; aborigines
private residence temporarily taking lodgers
burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group)
Völkerwanderung; great migration in Europe, 4th to 6th century CE
tower-shaped wooden talisman; apron-shaped straw deity to ward off disease
issue of immigration; problem of immigration
Liberal Democratic Party; LDP
neighborhood (protest) movement; neighbourhood (protest) movement
netizen; cybercitizen; Internet user
renminbi (currency of China); Chinese yuan
popularization; popularisation
equality for the four classes (early Meiji-period slogan)
self-determination of peoples
picture depicting everyday life; folk art
civil rights; franchise; citizenship
agrarian revolt; agrarian uprising
person from the provinces; person living outside major metropolitan areas
public holiday; national holiday
House of Commons (UK, Canada)
prefectural resident (of Osaka or Kyoto)
state resident; people of a state
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea); DPRK
national health insurance
Liberal Democratic Party; LDP; Free Democratic Party (Germany); FDP
Republic of Korea Armed Forces
immigration office; immigration bureau
everyday articles which have come to be regarded as folk art
disease affecting an entire nation
militia; paramilitary group
popular uprising; mass uprising
the people of all nations
(Sun Yat-sen's) Three Principles of the People
folk costume; national costume; native dress; traditional dress
national review; national referendum on the appointment or re-appointment of Supreme Court judges, held at the same time as general elections to the House of Representatives
inexpensive hotel operated by a local government
citizen's holiday; by law, any weekday that falls between two other national holidays (e.g. September 22, falling between Respect the Elderly Day and the Autumn Equinox Holiday)
Democratic Republic of the Congo
universal health insurance; universal healthcare
popular movement; citizens' campaign; national movement
civic center; community center
public-spirited or self-sacrificing individual
Ministry of Popular Affairs (1869-1871); Ministry of Popular Affairs (under the ritsuryō system)
civic activity; activities initiated by the citizens themselves
the whole nation; all the people
racially homogeneous; monoracial
People's Liberation Army (China); PLA
democratic state; (a) democracy
discriminated-against people; group of people suffering discrimination
net cafe refugee; homeless person living in an Internet cafe
people belonging to a hereditary occupation group (Yamato period)
unified effort of government and private sector
ethnically homogeneous nation; racially homogeneous nation
citizens' rally; mass meeting
(private) house; average person's house
land-tax rate during the Edo period (the government took 60 percent of the year's rice crop and the farmers kept 40 percent)
postal privatisation (privatisation of Japan Post)
colonial city (of ancient Greece or Rome)
gross national product; GNP
sovereignty of the people
National Commission on Educational Reform; National Commission on Education Reform; National Congress for Educational Reform; National Council on Educational Reform
German Democratic Republic; East Germany
Numbers (book of the Bible)
netizen; cybercitizen; Internet user
relieving the sufferings of the people
junior citizen; young citizen
untouchable (of the Indian caste system)
(early Meiji era) democratic rights ideology
important intangible folk culture asset
complete state ownership of land and citizens (proclaimed by the Taika reforms; ritsuryō period)
British person; British citizen; Briton
Latin peoples; Latin races
perspective of an ordinary person; common sense; popular feeling
basic resident register; basic register of residents
global citizen; citizen of the earth
making people subjects of the emperor; imperialisation; imperialization
net cafe refugee; homeless person living in an Internet cafe
residential affairs division (of a city administration)
putting the officials and bureaucrats above the people; treating the governors as more important than the governed; statism
obscurantist policy; keep-the-people-ignorant policy
National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan; JCIC
(Japanese) Civil Proceedings Act (1890, revised in 1926)
politics of the people (democratic theory of Sakuzō Yoshino, 1878-1933)
Minmeishobō (publishing company featured in the manga series "Sakigake!! Otokojuku")
Kuomintang; KMT; Chinese Nationalist Party
Volkssturm (national militia established by Nazi Germany during the last months of World War II)
national treatment; treating foreigners and locals equally
anti-democratic thought; anti-democratic ideology
character traits of the people of a prefecture; prefectural characteristic; regional characteristic
refugee status determination; refugee recognition; certification of refugee status
parts of the civil code relating to kinship and inheritance that were rewritten in 1947; old civil code (drafted by French scholar Gustave Émile Boissonade for Japan, but never implemented)
commercial broadcasting station
person stranded due to mass transit disruptions after an earthquake, etc.
imperialisation policy (esp. on Korea during Japan's colonial rule) (imperialization); policy of imperialisation
district resident; inhabitant of a county
Tanka people (of southern China)
Japan Democratic Party (1954-1955); Democratic Party (of Japan; 1947-1950)
civil defense; civilian defense
national capital; native capital; domestic capital
democratic form of government
burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group)
Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan; CDPJ
governing a nation and providing relief to people
commonness; the common touch
civic education; citizenship education
non-official newspaper; private newspaper
Donghak Peasant Revolution (Korea; 1894-1895)
resident participation; citizen participation; public involvement (in local governance)
citizen participation; public participation; popular participation
civic group; municipal activists; civic political forces
transition from military rule to democratic government
national event; event that is enjoyed nationwide; event with nationwide popularity
ethnic distribution; tribal distribution
Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act
civil conciliation; civil mediation
commercial broadcaster; commercial radio or TV station
indirect democracy; representative democracy
national liberation movement
private land; privately owned land
prefectural meeting hall; civic center; community hall
German Peasants' War (1524-1525)
Asian peoples; Asiatic peoples; Asian nations
national interests and the people's welfare
national citizen identification number system
land-tax rate during the Edo period, in which the government took 70 percent of the year's crop and the farmers kept 30 percent
new commoner; former members of the lowest rank of the Japanese caste system after its abolition in 1871
democracy (as propounded by Sun Yat-sen)
democratic government; democratically elected government
Democratic Party (2016-2018; formed from the merger of the DPJ and the Japan Innovation Party); Democratic Progressive Party (Taiwan)
collection of folk stories
racketeering by interceding in civil disputes and threatening the use of violence
People's Daily (Chinese newspaper)
New People's Army (NPA) (Filipino paramilitary group)
Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana
racketeering by interceding in civil disputes and threatening the use of violence
popular diplomacy; public diplomacy; people's diplomacy; diplomacy carried out by non-government officials
Civil Information and Education Section (of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers in Japan; 1945-1952); CIE
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; UNHCR
African National Congress; ANC
Nazism; national socialism
person unable to fulfil their shopping needs (esp. in areas of depopulation or due to lack of transport); people who have been cut off from the retail sector; (lit.) shopping refugee
Christian Democratic Union (Germany); Christian Democrats; CDU
gross national income; GNI
National Revolutionary Army (Republic of China; 1925-1947)
New Democracy (concept devised by Mao Zedong)
Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems (collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
civic education; education for citizenship
worker who does not have time to eat lunch
private land; privately owned land
untouchable (of India's caste system)
Democratic Socialist Party
people's ownership; publicly owned
Folklore Society of Japan
LDP's National Defense Division
folk etymology; popular (but unfounded) etymology
(ideology of) ethnic supremacy; racial supremacism
Democratic Liberal Party (1948-1950)
National Front (political party)
gross real national product; real GNP; RGNP
second-generation immigrant
out of touch with the voters; indifferent to the concerns of the people
Frankfurt National Assembly (1848-1849)
system of rule during the Yamato period
Democratic National Committee (US); DNC
small country with a small population (The Chinese philosopher Lao-tze's ideal of a state)
Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922)
Residential Basic Book Act
basic resident register network system
Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (2017-); CDPJ; Constitutional Democratic Party (Russia, 1905-1917)
national referendum law; Act on Procedures for Amendment of the Constitution of Japan
National Requisition Ordinance (1939)
jus civile (legal code of ancient Rome); civil law
governing a nation and providing relief to people
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; UNHCR
belonging to the citizenry; residing in the people
Constitutional Democratic Party (1927-1940)
world peace; everyone living peacefully together
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
fake refugee; phony refugee; illegal migrant disguised as a refugee
loans for low-income people
demotic (ancient Egyptian script)
Tokyo metropolitan residents' tax
prefectural residents' tax (in Kyoto or Osaka)
the fishing and agrarian populace
Renmin University of China
digital renminbi; digital yuan; e-CNY
renminbi (currency of China); Chinese yuan
People's Bank of China; The People's Bank of China
private ownership of land and citizens
National People's Congress (of the People's Republic of China); NPC
civil status; status (of a person) under the Civil Code
denominated in Chinese yuan; denominated in renminbi
Union Democratica Popular
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
People's Republic of Bangladesh
Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries
national traits; national character
people's democratic republic
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Lao People's Democratic Republic
people's democratic dictatorship (e.g. Maoism)
Japanese Society of Ethnology
people's socialist republic
gross national expenditure; GNE
Korean Residents Union in Japan; Mindan
Liberal Democratic Party, Komeito and Democratic Socialist Party
naval militia; maritime militia
LDP's (Liberal Democratic Party's) Foreign Affairs Division
national disposable income
pro-democracy movement in China
Liberal National Congress (part of the LDP); JKK
National Issues Forum; NIF
Civil Aviation Administration of China; CAAC
Panel of the Liberal Democratic Party
Japan Democratic Lawyer's Association
Korean Residents Union in Japan (former name)
Tokyo Citizens' Day (October 1)
Japan Folklore Economics Association
Yunnan Institute for Nationalities; YIN
Department of Civil Aviation
private investigation agency
State Ethnic Affairs Commission (China)
Private Sector Building Land Development Office
Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan; CDPJ
principle of national self-determination
prefectural citizens' day
National Farmers' Organization
Japan Attorneys Pension Fund
national life; civic life
Social Democratic Federation
National Farmers Union; NFU
net national product; NNP
civil legal aid system (e.g. legal aid for poor people)
civil legal aid system (e.g. legal aid for poor people)
State Minister in Charge of Postal Services Privatization
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
UN Relief and Works Agency
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East; UNRWA
Moro National Liberation Front; MNLF
cooperation between the private and public sectors
Ministry of Civil Affairs (PRC)
medieval German eastward expansion; Ostsiedlung
Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences
Tomin First no Kai (regional political party in Tokyo)
International Society for Customer-Driven Public Service
National Life Finance Corporation
certified copy of certificate of residence
Plurinational State of Bolivia
postal service privatization
war of national liberation
citizen of the world; world citizen
International Democratic Union
Nazism; national socialism
Kokumin Shinto; People's New Party (Japanese political party)
Institute for Democratic Education
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
based on a nation's people; popular base
internally displaced person
basic resident register card; citizen identification card; Juki card
national health insurance program (programme)
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
neocolonialism; neo-colonialism
Hunmin-jongum; the Hankul (Hangul) alphabet (of Korea); the Onmun (Enmun)
decolonization; decolonisation
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
German Peasants' War (1524-1525)
Kokumin Shinto; People's New Party (Japanese political party)
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor)
Democratic Party for the People; DPFP; DPP
NHK Kara Kokumin wo Mamoru Tō (political party); NHK Party
Partai Nasional Indonesia
Japan Association for Refugees
Takagi Fund for Citizen Science
(Japanese) Civil Proceedings Act (1890, revised in 1926)
saving a nation and providing relief to the people
Art Museum of Toyama-kenmin-kaikan
over-qualified person; over-educated person (unable to find a job); (lit.) educational refugee
democracy deficit; democratic deficit
National Life Finance Corporation (1949-2008)
national vacation village
deliberative democracy; discursive democracy
folk scale (anhemitonic pentatonic scale: mi, so, la, ti, re)
gross national happiness (philosophy that guides the government of Bhutan); GNH
disparity (of income, pensions, etc.) between public and private employees
Tomin First no Kai (regional political party in Tokyo)
suspension of civil rights
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (1950-1972); USCAR
net national welfare; NNW
Plebian Society (ca. 1904)
Korean Residents Union in Japan (abbr)
privatized business; privatised business
Democratic Youth League of Japan (abbr); DYLJ
oppressed peoples; discriminated ethnicity
slash-and-burn farmer (in Korea)
Twittersphere; Twitter users
Life Funds for North Korean Refugees
citizens band radio; CB radio
public plaza; citizen's plaza
public swimming pool; municipal swimming pool
min-min kisei; deals between companies which restrict competition
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (1950-1972); USCAR
(rural) migrant worker (in China)
postal privatisation (privatisation of Japan Post)
mingeishi (type of washi)
public referendum ordinance
resident audit request to local government authority
municipal community centre; ward residents hall
resident registration code
migrant worker from the countryside (in China)
civil action; civil suit; civil proceedings; (Japanese) Civil Proceedings Act (1890, revised in 1926)
railway station built with government and popular support
prefectural tax; prefectural residents' tax
land-tax system during the Edo period under which the government took half of the year's crop and the farmers kept the other half
land-tax system during the Edo period under which the government took 40% of the year's crop and the farmers kept 60%