work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
occupation; profession; job; vocation; trade; calling
enterprise; business; company; corporation
business; trade; operations; sales
business; affairs; duties; work; procedure; task
project; enterprise; business; (arch.) act; (arch.) deed; (arch.) conduct
commerce; trade; business
trader; dealer; businessperson; fellow trader; people in the same trade
work; business; company; study
business world; business circles; (the) industry
pursuit of knowledge; studying; learning; training; completing a course
graduation ceremony; commencement
industry; (arch.) livelihood; (arch.) occupation
trade; business; occupation; profession; job
great achievement; great feat; great work; great undertaking
laborer; labourer; blue-collar worker
achievement; performance; results; work; contribution
studies; schoolwork; classwork
occupation; calling; livelihood
person in the same line of business; people in the same trade; the trade; the profession
principal occupation; core business
ceremony held at the end of a school term; end-of-term ceremony
large company; large enterprise; large corporation
opening ceremony (of the school term)
work-in-progress; working state
opening a business; opening a practice
family business; family trade; one's occupation; one's trade
side job; sideline; subsidiary business
start of work; commencement; opening
work clothes; workwear; boilersuit; overalls
unemployment; losing one's job; becoming unemployed
for work; for manufacturing
suspension of business; temporary closure (of a store, school, etc.); shutdown; holiday
parents' day (day when parents observe their children in school)
fishing industry; fishery
businessman; industrialist
business hours; opening hours; office hours
discontinuation (of business); closing down; giving up (one's practice); retiring
establishment (of a business); founding
business use; business purposes
philanthropic work; charitable enterprise
business that exploits its employees (e.g. through unpaid overtime)
due to the nature of one's job; because of one's line of work
manual labor; manual labour; manual procedures
training for homemaking; training in homemaking arts; domestic training
company secret; industrial secret; trade secret
end of work day; end of school term; end of school year
same trade; same business; same profession
classbook; yearbook; graduation album
starting a business; promotion of enterprise
division of labor; division of labour; specialization; specialisation; assembly-line production
graduation certificate; diploma; testamur
division (of company); operations department
graduation examination; graduation test
simple work; repetitive job; unskilled work; menial work
normal duties; (one's) regular work
small and medium-sized enterprises; small and medium-sized businesses
the Industrial Revolution
obstruction of business; interference with business
hospitality industry; service trade (hotel and restaurant); service industry
school hours; hours of teaching (instruction)
promotion of industry; inauguration of a new industrial enterprise
temporary closure (of a shop, etc.); extra holiday; special holiday
special occupation; principal occupation; specialty; monopoly
large enterprise; big business; large undertaking
private clinician; physician in private practice
perusing as a side business; doing in addition to one's main work; running (businesses) simultaneously; side business; job on the side
workload; quantity of work; work rate; units produced
public works; public-works projects; public utilities
repair work; renovation work; restoration work
business office; place of business
detective work; detective industry
private enterprise; private business; private company; private firm; private-sector business; private-sector corporation
opening time; starting time of work
employment; starting work
overtime pay; overtime money; overtime payment
art project which is done in place of a graduation thesis at a college of arts
big corporation; major firm; leading company
person in the business (entertainment, music, film, etc.)
paper (manufacturing) industry
affiliated company; affiliated business
business plan; business schedule; project
start-up company; venture business
operation (of a machine, factory, fishing boat, etc.); work
industrial spy; industrial espionage
business person; operator; carrier (telecommunications, transport, etc.)
penal labour; work assigned to prisoners
independent business; self-employment
service industry; service sector
being open but having virtually no business
Japanese company (business, firm)
great deed; great enterprise; great work; massive undertaking
entrepreneur; person who starts a new business
agricultural country; agrarian nation
business results; business performance
job-related; in the course of one's work
finance business; moneylending business
joint enterprise; joint venture
order (to an employee from management)
trading sexual favours (for career advancement, etc.)
corporate (e.g. sports team); business organization; business corporation
technical high school; industrial high school
plant; enterprise place; office
industrialization; industrialisation; establishing a production system; putting something into production
industrialist; entrepreneur
full-time househusband; stay-at-home dad
job (work) training (for the unskilled)
forwarding or transportation industry
listed company (on a stock exchange)
munitions industry; war industry
enterprising man; businessman; industrialist
tourist trade; travel industry; tourist business; tourist enterprise
to work as; to pursue as a vocation
industrial (manufacturing, factory) town or city
conglomerate; group of companies run as a single organization
self-employed profession (e.g. actor, artist); liberal profession
real estate agent; realtor
other companies in the same business; rival firms
small business; micro-enterprise; microenterprise
shipping industry; marine transport
agricultural technology; farming techniques
business world; business circles
professional; careerman; worker
industry terminology; professional jargon; buzzword
school record; scholastic performance
restaurant industry; restaurant business; catering industry
forwarding agent; carrier
obstruction of business; interference with business; interference with somebody's duties
uphill task; difficult undertaking (project)
barely keeping a business going (analogy that a bicycle falls over when its wheels cease rotating)
music industry; music business
foreign-owned enterprise; company with capital participation by a foreign company; foreign-affiliated firm; alien corporation; foreign company
industrial physician; occupational health physician
corporate warrior (exceptionally dedicated and hard-working employee)
broker; intermediary; broking house
rush work; crash program; working on a crash basis; working at top speed
business conditions; business category; line of business
driving school qualifying test (can lead to waiver of a formal test)
one-man business; sole proprietor; sole proprietorship; individual owner-manager
management task; administrative task
front company (for an organized crime operation)
business-to-business; inter-business; inter-enterprise; B2B
trade association; craft; guild
business efforts; corporate efforts
work procedure; operational procedure
role of a company president
homekeeping; housekeeping; housewifery
work left uncompleted at death; work one accomplished during one's lifetime
small business; small company
different type of business; different occupation
light work; light-duty work
sales skills; marketing power; sales strength; sales expertise
poor business performance; economic slump
outsourcing; subcontracting
general (civil engineering and construction) contractor
corporate acquisition (buyout)
building industry; construction industry; building trade
business owner; entrepreneur
painting (as a profession); being a painter; achievements as a painter; one's works
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; METI
construction industry; construction business
multinational corporation; transnational corporation
literary profession; writing
defense contractor; defence contractor; defense industry; defence industry
business diary; job sheet; operational record; logbook
legitimate occupation; honest business
company that treats its employees well; company supporting a good work-life balance
childcare leave; leave taken after the compulsory maternity leave
promotion of industry; encouragement of new industry
employment agency; placement agency; labour exchange; labor exchange
tourism industry; tourist industry
industrialization; industrialisation; commercialization
commercial and industrial men
social work; social project; social enterprise; social welfare service
(a business) open all night
business restructuring; business reformation; business revolution
television industry; television business
medium-sized enterprise (business, firm)
industrialized nation; industrialised nation
commercial vehicle (taxi, bus, truck, etc.)
misdeed; wrongdoing; wickedness
supplier; provider; vendor
commercial area; business district
brewing; distilling; wine-making
personal business; sole proprietorship
Public Employment Security Office
industrial association; industrial guild
corporate activities; business operations
mining rights; mining concession; mineral rights
large conglomerate; large group of related companies
real estate world; property market
industrial area; industrial district; industrial zone
commercialization; commercialisation
(encouragement of) industry
corporate headquarters; (company) group
research for a graduation thesis; graduation thesis work; graduation research project
importer; import merchant (trader); importing firm
forcible obstruction of business; obstructing business by force
technical college or institute
management (of corporate affairs); business execution; administration of business matters
foreign business; foreign enterprise; foreign corporation
industrialization; industrialisation
professional negligence resulting in death
sabotage; slow-down tactics
local industry; traditional local industry
telecommunications carrier; PTT
collecting bodies (of casualties, etc.); recovering bodies
National Space Development Agency; NASDA
industrial science and technology; industrial techniques
temporary personnel business; temporary personnel agency; temporary help business
general affairs department (e.g. in a company); operations department
agricultural machinery; farm machinery
the (civil engineering and) construction industry
waste management (garbage collection) industry
major agricultural country; agricultural power; agripower
automotive industry; motor vehicle industry
shady dealings; illicit business; underground business
postal service; post service
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
on-site work; work-site operations
temporary suspension (of business); brief shutdown
Cultural Affairs Department
poor academic performance; underachievement
restoration; restoration (restorative) work
sanitation worker; garbage collector; refuse collector; street cleaner
sunset industry; declining industry
operating expenses; operating cost
agricultural experiment station
Japanese company active abroad; company partly funded by Japanese nationals
corporate vision; corporate philosophy; philosophy of business; corporate ethos; corporate mission
professional education; vocational training
business operator; entrepreneur
businesses offering food and entertainment; cabaret, club, gambling and restaurant businesses; sex industry; sex-related businesses
samurai drill; knight errantry
household or cottage industry
the three entertainment district enterprises: eating houses, geisha houses, meeting places for assignations, etc.
no overtime day; day which employees are not allowed to work overtime
weaving industry; textile industry
mining and manufacturing industry
domestic handicraft industry
corporate reconstruction; corporate rejuvenation; corporate revitalization; corporate revival
specialty school graduate
villa; another line of work
foreign company; overseas enterprise; overseas firm
agricultural revolution; agrarian revolution
working group; task force
management task; management function
global company; global corporation; multinational company
stock-farming; cattle breeding
one-man business; sole proprietorship; owner-managed enterprise
garbage man; garbage collector
professional occupation; professional practice
related industries; associated industries
(world of the) construction industry
wholesale supermarket; supermarket catering to businesses
front company (for an organized crime operation)
ceramics; ceramic industry
general practitioner in private practice; primary care physician (US); GP
industrial company; business firm
countermeasures against unemployment; relief measures for the unemployed
primary business; primary function; primary focus
mothering; job of being a mother
commercialization; commercialisation
business improvement order
industrial or business world
heavy and chemical industries
earnings forecast (outlook, projection)
nature of business; business operations
monopoly business, enterprise
closing of a business or enterprise
monopolistic enterprise; monopoly
aerial work platform; elevating work platform; boom lift; bucket truck; cherry picker
part-time mom; working mother
customer relations; serving (helping, attending to, waiting on) customers
(professional) negligence
workplace; office; factory
(for) commercial purpose; business goal
environmental business; environment business; environmental program
face-to-face lesson; face-to-face class
a field worker; outside worker
loss-making corporation; money-losing enterprise; lossmaker
employment rate; percentage of employment
mail service; postal service
research results; research record; research achievement
the poultry industry; poultry farming
precarious trade; unstable occupation; itinerant trade
popular occupation; occupation largely dependent on public favor
public utilities; public enterprise; public service
professional negligence resulting in injury or death
industrial waste treatment plant
classified telephone directory
graduation certificate; diploma; testamur
salesperson; sales personnel; sales representative
lumbering (sawing) industry
outsourcing agreement; operating agreement; subcontracting arrangement
agricultural facility; agricultural implement
wholesale business; wholesale trade
government-run enterprise
person skilled (in the art of doing something)
restaurant industry; dining-out industry
business activities; business conduct; business operations
tree-planting program; tree-planting programme
worker; employee; person being employed
general (civil engineering and construction) contractor
fishery cooperative association; fisherman's cooperative association
unemployed laborer; unemployed worker
head of business department
industrial waste disposal facility; wastes treatment facility
industrial standard; engineering standard
oil industry; petroleum industry
curtailment of operations
the flour(-milling) industry
industry law; law regulating a certain industry; (arch.) work one is obligated to carry out
total operating expenses; total project cost; general expenses
intellectual occupation; intellectual profession; learned profession
business items; items of business; available services; business line
broker; middleman; employment agency
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
UN Food and Agriculture Organization (Organisation); FAO
higher commercial school (pre-WWII); commercial college
industrial fair or exposition
the translation profession
making a living in the red-light district
senior executives; corporate management
owner-operator company; corporation in which the business manager is also the major stockholder
corporate earnings; corporate performance
corporate earnings; corporate profits
business started by an ancestor; inherited business
stage career; acting career
Japan Industrial Standards; JIS
social welfare service; social services; social work
advertising agency business
expected overtime (stipulated as a specific number of hours)
length of the course of study
state-owned enterprise; SOE
review work; study; investigation
marine industries; maritime industry
brokerage; commission agency
parenting; being a parent; child-rearing; child-raising
sole proprietor; one-man business; self-employed
program review; budget screening; review and prioritization of government programs
earnings estimates (forecast, outlook, projection)
commercial bill; commercial paper; CP
unlisted company (on a stock exchange)
voluntary liquidation; voluntary closure (of business)
Japanese Industrial Standards; JIS
business items; description of business; line of business
at-home overtime; time spent on work one brings home
industrial output; industrial production
joint venture; consortium; JV
licensed red-light quarters
Small and Medium Enterprise Management Consultant
operating under reduced business hours
corporate character; corporate culture; corporate philosophy
enterprise union; company union; in-house union
processing service; processing work
construction camp; bunkhouse; workers' living quarters
fixed task; scheduled task
industrial reserve force; the ranks of the unemployed
application form for business permit; business permit application form
service industry; service sector
general affairs section (e.g. in a company); operations division
transfer of business; business transfer
mission-critical task; business-critical matter
grassroots sales; door-to-door marketing
business competition; corporate competition
experimental forestry station
Public Employment Security Office; PESO
(former) Ministry of International Trade and Industry (now Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry); MITI
mobile network operator; MNO; wireless service provider; mobile network carrier
company consisting of autonomous divisions
independent power producer; IPP
separation of medical and dispensary practice
telecommunications carrier; PTT
Minister of International Trade and Industry
temporary worker; seasonal worker; worker with a fixed term contract of employment
tree-planting program; tree-planting programme
industrial revival or recovery
industrial union (one relating to a specific industry or occupation); vertical union
industrial production index; IPI
public or government corporation
telecommunications enterprise; communications corporation
basic allowance of child care leave benefits
Certificate for Students Achieving the Proficiency Level of Upper Secondary School Graduates; Japanese high-school equivalency examination
international service; international affairs
sex entertainment industry
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
(rights to) industrial property
industrial standardization law
agricultural economics; agronomics
occupational group; professional group; occupational cohort
agriculture in urban areas
railroad (bus) lines (routes) in operation; business plan (policy)
precision machinery industry
fishing zone; fishery waters
curtailment of business operations
working kilometre (unit used for calculating rail fares); operating kilometer
unicorn (privately held startup company valued at over US$1 billion)
graduation concert (school, etc.); farewell concert for a group or band member
staple product of an industry; core product
spinning and weaving industry; textile industry
the porcelain or ceramics industry
business zone (e.g. for taxis, buses, etc.); business domain; sales route
pharmaceutical industry; medicine industry
Japan International Cooperation Agency (1974); JICA
inter-location; inter-company; inter-office
telecommunications carrier; telecommunications operator; telephone service provider
layoff allowance; closure allowance
special-purpose entity; SPE
Second Section company (on the Tokyo Stock Exchange)
international division of labor; international division of labour; international specialization
application-oriented language
vertical international specialization (specialisation)
mobile virtual network operator; MVNO
general contractor; main contractor
mobile virtual network operator; MVNO
business cooperative; business cooperative association
current working directory
division of administrative responsibilities
long distance telephone company
entertainment quarters (food and geisha)
division of labor by gender role
debtor-in-possession financing
travel agent; reseller (of tour packages, etc.)
CAP; Competitive Access Provider
(working) overtime to make ends meet (to support one's lifestyle)
business organization; business corporation; businessmen's body
settlement work; social work; welfare work
interindustry relations analysis
business entity; accounting entity
Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering; FATF
bulk loading safety officer
Internet service provider; ISP
limited liability partnership; limited liability business partnership; LLP
online dating company; online dating service provider
our (the present) business office
unavoidably; necessarily; inevitably
welfare workshop; collaborative workshop
fiscal year; financial year
business continuity plan; BCP
business development skills school
working-storage section (COBOL)
nonprofit (noncommercial) business
business skill development school for handicapped people
industrialized countries; industrialised countries
advanced industrial nation
Local Public Enterprise Act
synthetic chemical industry
honor graduate; honours graduate
bodily injury caused by negligence in the conduct of business; accidental infliction of injury in the conduct of business
limited liability investment partnership
capital-intensive industry
social business; social enterprise
enterprise union; company union; in-house union
post-coordinated indexing
craft union; horizontal union
consolidator (shipping, freight, etc.)
corporate legal office; corporate law office; corporate legal department
selling to traders; wholesaling; trade sales
(business of) renting out one's home (on Airbnb, etc.)
postal service privatization
invention developed as a result of one's work
performance-based pay; achievement-based pay; payment linked to performance
agricultural geology; agrogeology
corporate social responsibility; CSR
Enterprise Information Portal
offshore fishing industry
slowdown strategy; go-slow tactics (of workers in a labor dispute)
authorized distributor; authorised distributor
Value-Added Reseller; VAR
commercial letter of credit
to be licensed to practice (e.g. law); to be allowed to open a business
business competitiveness; corporate competitiveness
Certificate for Students Achieving the Proficiency Level of Upper Secondary School Graduates; Japanese high-school equivalency examination
work(ing) space; work(ing) area
Web-Based Enterprise Management; WBEM
interindustry relations table; input-output table
robot for hazardous conditions
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
industrial experimental station; industrial research institute; industrial testing station
knowledge-intensive industry
enterprise information portal; EIP
neighborhood commercial zone
corporate risk management
manpower business; manpower agency
Public Corporation and Government Enterprise Labor Relations Law (1949)
agriculture, forestry and fishing industries training institute
diffusion index; DI; business sentiment index
three public corporations (Japan National Railways, Japan Monopoly Corporation, and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone) and five government enterprises (postal services, mintage, printing, management of state-owned forests/fields, and monopolization of alcohol)
Law Regulating Adult Entertainment Businesses (1948 act, replaced in 1984); Entertainment and Amusement Trades Control Law
corporate in-service training
sex establishment (as regulated by a specific Japanese law)
National Government Defrayment Act for Reconstruction of Disaster-Stricken Public Facilities
light-industrial district; semi-industrial area
labor-intensive industry; labour-intensive industry
corporate accounting principles
computer supported cooperative work; CSCW
application software program
National Enterprise Labor Relations Law (1986)
prefectural agriculture experimental station
government agency providing public services; government agency involved in public enterprise
Industry Standard Architecture; ISA
occupational hearing loss; occupational deafness
business guide; catalogue; document describing one's business
Extended Industry Standard Architecture; EISA
weaving industry; textile industry
education-related industries
flip teaching; flipped classroom
government agency providing public services; government agency involved in public enterprise
industry standard; industry norm
starting an enterprise and (or) carrying it to final success
key performance indicators; KPI
trust business; trust operations; fiduciary work
commercial correspondence
condition of industry, enterprise, etc.
business application; business-oriented software
meritocracy; performance-based system; achievement-based system
running a start-up company after work or on weekends
it is easy to start an enterprise but hard to maintain it
individual outsourcing agreement
fishery inspection boat; fishery patrol boat
labour intensive industry
privatized business; privatised business
one's views on occupations (careers, jobs, etc.)
business transfer agreement
Deutsche Institut fuer Normung; DIN
urban farming; urban agriculture
Short-Term Economic Survey of Enterprises in Japan (Bank of Japan's quarterly economic survey); Tankan survey
business confidence; business sentiment; corporate sentiment
zombie company; corporate zombie
enterprise portal; enterprise information portal; EIP
poetic achievements; poetic works; act of writing poetry
support services agreement contract
supporting industries; component and parts-supply industries
selling to traders; wholesaling; trade sales
enterprise resource planning; ERP
this business; this profession
great deed; great undertaking
nonmanufacturing industry; nonmanufacturing sector
infant-industry argument; theory of infant-industry protection
farming complemented by raising livestock
horticultural agriculture
front company; shell corporation
ghost fishing (entangling of marine life by lost or abandoned fishing gear)
managed forest; managed woodland
performance-based pay; payment by results
agricultural and fishing industries
township and village enterprises (in China); TVE
restaurants and geisha establishments
ambition (in studies or work); ambitious undertaking