to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
to stop (doing); to cease; to desist; to drop; to lay off; to give up
humour; humor; safety; health; in a good mood; in high spirits
several people; a few people
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
inquiry into; enquiry into; prying (into); investigation; search; exploration
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
to scratch; to perspire; to shovel; to paddle
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
to be conspicuous; to stand out
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
physical examination (given at conscription)
great laughter; burst of laughter
sly; cunning; sneaky; miserly; mean; stingy
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
to cheer; to applaud; to jeer; to mock; to make fun of
clamour; clamor; uproar; tumult; furore; furor
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to do thoroughly; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
greatness is comparative; there is always someone better than you; there is always a bigger fish
beginning of the year; the oldest person
discovery (of a plot, misdeed, etc.); detection; exposure; disclosure
to stick out one's tongue; to ridicule someone (behind their back); to laugh at someone
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
city councillor; city councilor; city assemblyman
to ring; to sound; to be popular; to be esteemed; to state; to insist
eminent; prominent; distinguished; ringing (of metal); resonant (of a musical instrument)
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
national language; Japanese language (esp. as a school subject in Japan); one's native language; mother tongue; native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords and Chinese-derived words)
China; Han dynasty (of China; 202 BCE-220 CE); Han (majority Chinese ethnic group); man
humanities and social sciences; liberal arts; faculty of humanities; school of liberal arts
certification examination; licensing examination; licensure examination
to teach; to take a teaching job
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come