adoption; selection; choice
outflow; effluence; efflux; outflow (of people, capital, etc.); drain (of gold, talent, etc. from a country); leak (e.g. of personal information)
Japanese citizen; (the) Japanese
thus; in this way; like this
to stand in (someone's) place; to be in a (certain) position
Seventeen-Article Constitution (of Asuka-period Japan)
enactment; establishment; creation
subject; national; citizen
outcome (of a course of events); consequence; tendency; trend
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
industry; (arch.) livelihood; (arch.) occupation
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
(dispensation of) free medicine
house of parliament (congress, diet, etc.); graduate school; postgraduate school; institution (often medical); institutional building; sub-temple; minor temple building
to vitalize (e.g. an industry); to invigorate; to energize; to establish (e.g. a company); to build up; to set up
relief; aid; assistance; rescue
change to ...; becoming ...; making into ...; -ization; -ification
at; in; at; when; by; with
the Empress, the Empress Dowager and the Grand Empress Dowager; emperor's second consort; empress; palace of the empress; building of a Shinto shrine built on middle ground; demesne of the imperial palace
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
various countries; various regions; various provinces
the country; countryside; outskirts; suburbs; presence; being in attendance
common people; ordinary people; masses
departure; departing from ...; sent from ...; (a letter, etc.) dated ...; counter for engines (on an aircraft); counter for gunshots, bursts of gas, etc.
(another's) spirit; God's heart or spirit; Lord's will
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open
Sanron sect (of Buddhism)
diligent study; devoting oneself to one's studies
to be doing; to be in the process of doing
plain; frank; candid; open; direct; straightforward
uncivilized; uncivilised; undeveloped (land); unexplored (territory, field, etc.); unbloomed (flower)