Mecca; Makkah; mecca; centre for some field or activity (center)
separate; scattered; apart
layman; believer; adherent; follower; laity
integration; unification; unity; combination; consolidation; synthesis
to pray; to say a prayer; to offer up a prayer
exile; banishment; eviction; elimination (e.g. of poverty); removal
caliph; chief civil and religious Muslim ruler (prior to 1924)
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
border (between countries); national border
boiling; seething; becoming heated (e.g. of a debate); excitement; soaring (of prices); shooting up
spoils of war; booty; war trophy; something one managed to obtain or buy (at a bargain sale, merchandise stall, etc.); purchases; prizes (at an arcade, etc.)
temptation; allurement; lure; enticement; seduction
settlement; permanent residency
fierce attack; furious attack
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
district; area; zone; quarter; section; region
pocket heater; hand warmer; heater pack
subordination; dependency
thousand years; millennium; (fig.) long time
to get rid of; to erase; to dispel; to eradicate; to wipe away
Carthage; Cartago (Costa Rica); Carthago
to reach; to get to; to arrive at
channel (e.g. between two land masses); strait
captain; commander; commanding officer; leader
high place; high ground; height; broad (point of) view
defeat; loss; reverse; setback