readiness to die; (in the) face of death
military personnel; soldier
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
Europe and America; the West
strong nation; powerful country
to open hostilities; to take up arms (against)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
whole nation; entire nation; all the people
preparedness for death; do-or-die spirit
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
protection; safeguard; guardianship; preservation; conservation
impregnable castle (walls); impregnable; invulnerable; unassailable
enrich the country, strengthen the army (Meiji era government slogan)
things being very eventful at home and abroad
the East; the Orient; (East) Asia; Japan
just then; at that time; right then; appropriate moment
sacrifice; victim; sacrifice (to a deity)
to support; to maintain; to bring up; to raise; to adopt (a child); to cultivate (a habit, a quality, etc.)
little power; little influence; (one's) poor ability; limited ability; what little one can do
midwinter; cold season; coldest days of the year
life or death; existence; destiny
a little; a bit; somewhat; slightly; rather
needless fear; groundless apprehension; unfounded worry
construction; establishment
good person; virtuous person
to hold back (e.g. emotions); to rein in (e.g. a horse, unruly people); to get the better of; to control; to command
criminal; lawbreaker; wrongdoer; offender
to punish; to penalize; to penalise
to praise; to extol; to laud; to appreciate; to admire
insufficiency; deficiency; shortage; dissatisfaction; discontent; complaint
imperial loyalist samurai of the Bakumatsu-era; patriots; idealists willing to sacrifice themselves for the good of the nation
man of virtue; humanitarian
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
power; might; authority; spirits; vigor; vigour
to pocket an insult; to choke back one's tears
false charge; false accusation; misrepresentation
penalty; sentence; punishment
paying for one's mistakes; getting one's just deserts; suffering the consequences (of one's own actions); reap what you sow
benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
prison window; (behind) prison bars
descendant; posterity; offspring