to cut open; to clear (land); to cut (a path, road, etc.); to carve out (a new career, future, etc.); to open up (a new field)
early (days); initial stage; initial
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
Genroku era (1688.9.30-1704.3.13)
Kyōhō era (1716.6.22-1736.4.28)
educational policies or administration; Bunsei era (1818.4.22-1830.12.10)
Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
Taishō era (1912.7.30-1926.12.25); Taisho era
(period of) a year; during an era
enterprising man; businessman; industrialist
vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
Grand Tutor (second of the top three civil positions of the Zhou Dynasty); Minister of the Left (official in Nara and Heian periods)
participation; joining; entry; adherence
advance arrangements; preparatory meeting; overlap (of a coat, etc.); (arch.) making something match exactly
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
(navigable) canal; waterway
to measure; to weigh; to survey; to conjecture; to infer; to surmise
100,000,000; one hundred million
exceedingly; extremely; very many; indeed
advocate; disputant; debater; (present) writer; author
profit; gains; benefit; advantage; grace (of God, Buddha, etc.) (esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.); blessing
interest; rights; concession
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
to plan; to form a plan; to scheme; to envision; to intend to do
difficulty; trouble; accident; disaster; fault; defect
engineering works; civil engineering; public works
obstruction; check; hindrance; prevention; impediment; interdiction
element (esp. component in electronics); elemental device; device; data; datum
protection; safeguard; shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
stronghold; fortress; strategic position; key position
guarantee; security; assurance; pledge; warranty
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
main course (of a river); mainstream; main current (e.g. of thought)
decline; ebb; failure; decay; decrease; loss
lifeline; matter of life or death; indispensable thing; life line (in palm reading)
besides; moreover; in addition
(beautiful) scenery; natural beauty