to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
vast; huge; immense; malva nut (Sterculia lychnophora)
to hold a thing in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to embrace (e.g. a baby); to take upon oneself; to be saddled with
food (esp. staple food such as rice or wheat); provisions; rations; food supply
and (also); both ... and; as well as
origin; source; birthplace; release from prison; discharge from prison; exit
scrap; piece; fag end; unimportant (person); petty (official); barely (in a role)
blood, sweat and tears; (lit.) sweat of blood
living off (a person); sponging off; parasitism
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
grace; favor; favour; blessing; benefit
particular; special; exceptional; particularly; especially; exceptionally
long (time); protracted; prolonged
process; course; mechanism
present day; modern times; recent times; early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)
as the sound of surging water; vigorous; surging; welling
to look out on; to overlook; to face (a situation, crisis, etc.); to meet (e.g. death); to deal with (an issue); to attend (e.g. a function)
reason; logic; method; system; order
simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive
to put on weight; to gain weight; to grow fat; to get stout
to try and do something; to attempt to do something
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
chōnin (Edo-period social class of town-dwelling commoners, esp. landowning merchants); townspeople; townsfolk; tradespeople
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
arrival; coming (e.g. something awaited); advent
worry; fear; anxiety; concern
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
future (usually near); prospects
how; in what way; how about; questionable
latent; hidden; secret; behind the scenes
rising; developing; emergent; burgeoning; new
to begin to speak; to begin to explain
to make use of aizuchi; to back-channel; to throw in interjections to show that one is paying attention
seeing with one's own eyes; witnessing
observation; survey; watching
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot